處(chu)理方法:
物(wu)理(li)處理(li)法(fa)：通過物(wu)理(li)作用分(fen)離、回收廢(fei)水中不溶(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)呈懸浮狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)污(wu)染物(wu)(包括油膜和(he)油珠)的(de)(de)廢(fei)水處理(li)法(fa)，可分(fen)為(wei)重(zhong)力分(fen)離法(fa)、離心分(fen)離法(fa)和(he)篩濾截留(liu)法(fa)等。以熱交(jiao)換原理(li)為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)處理(li)法(fa)也屬于物(wu)理(li)處理(li)法(fa)。
化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)：通過化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應和傳質(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)分(fen)(fen)離、去除(chu)廢(fei)(fei)水中呈溶(rong)解(jie)、膠體狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)污染物(wu)(wu)或將其轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為無害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)。在化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)中，以(yi)投加藥(yao)劑產生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應為基礎的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)是(shi)：混凝、中和、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)還原等;而以(yi)傳質(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為基礎的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)則有(you)：萃(cui)取、汽提、吹脫、吸附、離子(zi)交換以(yi)及電滲(shen)(shen)析和反(fan)滲(shen)(shen)透等。后兩種處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)又合稱為膜分(fen)(fen)離技術(shu)。其中運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)傳質(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)既具有(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，又有(you)與之相關的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，所以(yi)也可從化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)中分(fen)(fen)出來(lai)，成為另一(yi)類處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)，稱為物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)法(fa)。
生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)：通(tong)過微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)代謝作(zuo)用，使(shi)(shi)廢(fei)水中呈(cheng)溶(rong)液(ye)、膠體以及微(wei)細(xi)懸(xuan)浮(fu)狀態的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)污染物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，轉化為穩(wen)定、無害的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)廢(fei)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。根據(ju)作(zuo)用微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)不同，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又可(ke)分為需(xu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)厭氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)兩種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型。廢(fei)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廣泛使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)是(shi)需(xu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，按(an)傳統，需(xu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又分為活性污泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)兩類(lei)。活性污泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)本身就是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)單元(yuan)，它有(you)(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)行(xing)方式。屬于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設備(bei)有(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濾池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)轉盤、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接觸氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化池以及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流化床等。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化塘(tang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又稱自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。
厭氧生物處理法(fa)，又名生物還原處理法(fa)，主(zhu)要用(yong)于處理高濃(nong)度(du)有機廢(fei)水和(he)污泥(ni)。使用(yong)的處理設備(bei)主(zhu)要為消化池。
生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸氧(yang)化(hua)法：用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸氧(yang)化(hua)法處理(li)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)，即用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸氧(yang)化(hua)工藝在生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反應池(chi)內充填填料，已經充氧(yang)的(de)(de)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸沒(mei)全部(bu)填料，并以一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)流速流經填料。在填料上布滿生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜廣泛(fan)接(jie)觸，在生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜上微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)新陳代謝的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中有機污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)(de)到(dao)去除，污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)得(de)(de)到(dao)凈化(hua)。zui后,處理(li)過的(de)(de)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)排入生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸氧(yang)化(hua)處理(li)系統與生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)混合后進(jin)行處理(li),氯消(xiao)毒后達標排放。生物接觸(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化法是(shi)一種介于(yu)活性污(wu)泥法與生物濾池(chi)之間(jian)的生物膜法工(gong)藝，其特點是(shi)在(zai)池(chi)內(nei)(nei)設置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，池(chi)底曝(pu)氣對(dui)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)進行充氧(yang)(yang)，并使池(chi)體內(nei)(nei)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)于(yu)流(liu)動狀(zhuang)態，以(yi)保(bao)證污(wu)水(shui)(shui)同浸沒在(zai)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)充分接觸(chu)，避免(mian)生物接觸(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)接觸(chu)不(bu)均(jun)的缺陷,這種曝(pu)氣裝置稱謂(wei)鼓風曝(pu)氣。
